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Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze many different types of samples, usually including the following categories:
Solids, powders, liquids, gels, ointments and gases;
Inorganic materials, organic materials and biological materials;
A pure substance, mixture, or solution;
In general, Raman is not suitable for analyzing metals and their alloys.
Typical examples of current Raman spectroscopy applications include:
Art and archaeology -- characterization and identification of pigments, ceramics, and gems;
Structure, purity, defect/disorder characterization of carbon materials -- carbon nanotubes;
Chemistry - structure, purity, reaction monitoring;
Geology - mineral identification and distribution, inclusions, phase transitions;
Life sciences -- characterization of individual cells or tissues, drugs, disease diagnosis;
Pharmacy-drug composition uniformity and composition distribution;
Semiconductor -- purity, additive composition, stress.